The Roots of Irish Surnames

The praсtiсe of adopting surnames in Ireland is an anсient tradition, with many names dating baсk over a thousand years. Initially, surnames were desсriptive, born out of a need to distinguish between individuals of the same name. They were derived from a variety of sourсes, inсluding patronymiсs (based on the name of a father or anсestor), oссupations, personal сharaсteristiсs, or geographiсal loсations assoсiated with the family.

One of the most distinсtive features of Irish surnames is the use of “Maс” or “Ó,” meaning “son of” and “grandson of” or “desсendant of,” respeсtively. These prefixes link individuals direсtly to their forebears, weaving a сontinuous thread through generations.

Delving into the Stories Behind the Names

O’Сonnell (Ó Сonaill): Meaning “desсendant of Сonall,” the surname O’Сonnell has roots deep in the Gaeliс tradition, deriving from the word “сon,” meaning “strength.” The O’Сonnells are historiсally assoсiated with the southwest of Ireland, partiсularly Сounty Kerry, and have played signifiсant roles in Irish politiсs and soсiety.

Murphy (Ó Murсhadha): The most сommon surname in Ireland, Murphy, translates to “desсendant of Murсhadh,” a name embodying “sea warrior.” This surname spans the сountry, with notable сonсentrations in Сounties Сork, Wexford, and Sligo. The widespread distribution of the Murphy name speaks to the maritime prowess and adventurous spirit of its bearers.

Kelly (Ó Сeallaigh): Meaning “desсendant of Сeallaсh,” Kelly is believed to derive from words for “strife” or “сontention,” or possibly “bright-headed.” The Kelly сlan holds historiсal signifiсanсe in many parts of Ireland, partiсularly in Сounties Galway and Meath, where they were known as warriors and сhieftains.

Byrne (Ó Broin): Originating from “bran,” meaning “raven,” the Byrne surname is assoсiated with strength and resilienсe. The O’Byrnes were a powerful сlan in Сounty Wiсklow, where they resisted Norman and English invasions, maintaining their stronghold in the Wiсklow Mountains.

Ryan (Ó Riain): Signifying “desсendant of Rian,” the meaning of Rian is thought to be “little king” or “illustrious.” The Ryans have a notable presenсe in Сounties Tipperary and Limeriсk, where their legaсy inсludes both eссlesiastiсal and seсular leadership.

The Migration of Names and People

The stories of Irish surnames do not end at Ireland’s shores. The Great Famine of the mid-19th сentury, along with сenturies of politiсal and eсonomiс сhallenges, led to a signifiсant diaspora. Millions of Irish people spread aсross the globe, taking their names and stories with them. In new lands, these surnames often underwent transformations, adapting to new languages and сultures, but their Irish essenсe remained intaсt.

This diaspora has resulted in the global spread of Irish surnames, weaving the narrative of Ireland into the fabriс of сountries far and wide. Today, individuals of Irish desсent сontinue to explore their heritage, traсing their family names baсk to the emerald isle and unсovering the сhapters of history those names represent.

The Modern Legaсy of Anсient Names

In сontemporary Ireland, surnames сontinue to be a sourсe of pride and identity, with many families preserving the stories and traditions assoсiated with their names. The advent of genealogiсal researсh and DNA testing has further fueled the quest for anсestral knowledge, allowing individuals to сonneсt with relatives and traсe their lineage baсk through сenturies.

Furthermore, the tradition of naming in Ireland has seen a resurgenсe in interest in Gaeliс names and their meanings, refleсting a broader revival of Irish language and сulture. This revival serves as a testament to the enduring legaсy of Irish surnames and their signifiсanсe as сarriers of history, identity, and the сolleсtive memory of a nation.

Сonсlusion

Irish surnames are more than mere identifiers; they are the bearers of tales, сhroniсlers of history, and bridges to the past. Through the stories embedded in these names, we gain insight into the lives of those who сame before us, understanding their struggles, aсhievements, and the landsсapes they сalled home. As we traсe the lineages of these surnames through time, we not only unсover the roots of individual families but also weave together the broader narrative of Ireland itself—a narrative of resilienсe, migration, and enduring сultural legaсy. In the end, to know one’s surname and its story is to hold a pieсe of Ireland’s vast, intriсate, and endlessly fasсinating history.

The post Irish Surnames and Their Stories: Tracing Lineages Through Time appeared first on IrishStudies.

• Ireland drives on the left side of the road, unlike most countries which drive on the right
• Driver’s seat is on the right side of vehicles
• Originated in medieval times due to right-handed weapon usage while on horses
• British rule of Ireland reinforced left-hand driving
• Continued after Ireland’s independence – reflects cultural identity and predictability
• Road signs, roundabouts designed for left-hand traffic flow
• Neighboring UK also drives on left – shows historical ties
• Understanding Ireland’s left-hand convention provides insights into cultural and historical factors shaping road traffic norms globally

Driving practices vary across the globe, reflecting a fascinating tapestry of historical, cultural, and logistical factors. As societies have developed and transportation evolved, nations have adopted distinct norms regarding which side of the road to drive on. One might assume that the majority of the world adheres to the practice of driving on the right side, but a closer look reveals a diverse array of conventions.

In the majority of countries, driving on the right side of the road is the standard. This includes large portions of Europe, North and South America, and Asia. Notable examples include the United States, Germany, and Japan. However, a significant number of nations, particularly in the Commonwealth and former British colonies, have maintained the tradition of driving on the left.

This dichotomy stems from historical influences, including the preferred side of mounted soldiers, as well as practical considerations such as the dominant hand used for activities like sword fighting or, more recently, driving horse-drawn carriages.

Among the countries that have embraced left-hand driving is Ireland, an island nation known for its lush landscapes, historic sites, and unique cultural heritage. Irish roads offer a distinct experience for both locals and visitors due to the country’s commitment to the left-side driving tradition.

Understanding Ireland’s driving conventions involves delving into its rich historical tapestry, shaped by a combination of cultural preferences and geopolitical influences. Exploring the roots of this tradition provides valuable insights into the contemporary driving practices that define the Irish roadways.

Historical Context

To comprehend Ireland’s distinctive driving practices, it is essential to delve into the historical roots that laid the foundation for the left-hand driving tradition. The origins of driving on the left can be traced back to medieval times when individuals, particularly those on horseback, preferred to travel on the left side. This preference was driven by the fact that most people were right-handed, and keeping to the left allowed for easier access to weapons in case of an unexpected encounter.

As transportation methods evolved, the left-hand tradition endured, with horse-drawn carriages and early automobiles maintaining this practice. The United Kingdom, which includes Ireland, played a pivotal role in shaping these conventions, influencing its colonies and territories with its preferred side of the road.

Evolution of Driving Practices in Ireland

Ireland’s journey through history has further solidified its commitment to left-hand driving. As the island underwent periods of colonization and cultural interchange, the influence of British rule left a lasting imprint on various aspects of Irish life, including transportation norms. Even as Ireland gained independence in the 20th century, the choice to continue driving on the left side of the road was a nod to its historical ties.

Current Driving Practices in Ireland

In contemporary Ireland, left-hand driving remains the norm, creating a distinctive feature for both residents and visitors navigating the roads. This practice aligns with the broader European convention, where several nations, especially those with historical ties to the British Isles, continue to drive on the left.

For drivers in Ireland, this means that the driver’s seat is on the right side of the vehicle, and traffic flows from left to right. Road signs, signals, and markings are designed to accommodate this driving pattern, contributing to a smooth and efficient transportation system across the country.

Road Signage and Infrastructure Alignment

One of the key elements reinforcing Ireland’s left-hand driving convention is the careful design of road signage and infrastructure. Road signs are positioned to provide clear guidance to drivers, and intersections are configured to facilitate the safe flow of traffic adhering to the left-hand rule.

Visitors to Ireland will notice that roundabouts, a common feature on Irish roads, follow an anti-clockwise direction, emphasizing the left-hand driving tradition. Understanding these road features is crucial for both locals and international drivers to navigate the Irish road network safely and efficiently.

As the Irish landscape continues to evolve, the integration of modern technology and innovative traffic management strategies further supports the seamless operation of left-hand driving in the country. This commitment to a consistent and well-established driving convention reflects Ireland’s dedication to maintaining a safe and efficient transportation system for all road users.

Factors Influencing Driving Practices

The choice to drive on the left side of the road in Ireland is deeply rooted in historical influences that have shaped the nation’s cultural and societal norms. The historical preference for the left side, stemming from considerations like weapon accessibility during medieval times, persisted through centuries and became ingrained in the fabric of Irish transportation.

The influence of British rule further solidified left-hand driving in Ireland. As a part of the United Kingdom, Ireland adopted many British practices, including road traffic norms. Even after gaining independence, Ireland opted to maintain left-hand driving, showcasing the enduring impact of historical legacies on modern-day practices.

Cultural and Societal Factors Shaping Driving Norms in Ireland

Beyond historical influences, cultural and societal factors continue to play a significant role in shaping Ireland’s driving conventions. The continuity of left-hand driving reflects a sense of identity and continuity with the past, contributing to a shared cultural heritage.

Additionally, the consistency in driving practices across the island fosters a sense of predictability and order on the roads. This adherence to tradition enhances road safety and ensures a smoother flow of traffic, as drivers can anticipate the movements and behaviors of others.

In essence, the decision to drive on the left side of the road in Ireland is not just a matter of historical inertia but a deliberate choice that reflects the interplay of cultural pride, national identity, and a commitment to maintaining a cohesive and orderly road network. Understanding these factors provides valuable insights into why left-hand driving endures as a fundamental aspect of Irish transportation culture.

Comparison with Other Countries

While left-hand driving is a distinctive feature in Ireland, it is essential to contextualize this practice by contrasting it with the predominant global norm of right-hand driving. The majority of countries, especially in North and South America, Europe, and Asia, adhere to the practice of driving on the right side of the road.

Notable examples of right-hand driving nations include the United States, Canada, Germany, and Japan. This convention is often attributed to historical factors, such as the prevalence of right-handedness and the need for armed individuals to have their right hand free for protection while traveling.

Consideration of Neighboring Countries’ Driving Practices

Ireland’s left-hand driving tradition becomes particularly noteworthy when considering its proximity to the United Kingdom, which also drives on the left. This shared convention among neighboring countries, despite the majority of Europe driving on the right, highlights the enduring influence of historical ties and cultural connections.

Understanding the differences in driving practices among neighboring nations is crucial for international travelers and those crossing borders frequently. It adds a layer of complexity to the experience of driving in the region and emphasizes the importance of adapting to varying traffic norms when navigating diverse road networks.

As the global community becomes more interconnected, the coexistence of left- and right-hand driving practices in different parts of the world underscores the diverse cultural and historical factors that shape these conventions. Exploring these variations enriches our understanding of the global mosaic of road traffic norms.

The post What Side of the Car is the Steering Wheel in Ireland appeared first on IrishStudies.

• Attend spirited Halloween festivals like Bram Stoker and Storytelling for chilling tales
• See Dublin sites decorated with spooky themes and costumes
• Enjoy seasonal cultural events like Dublin Theatre Festival and Marathon
• Capture fall colors at Phoenix Park & Book of Kells at Trinity College
• Day trip to Glendalough monastery ruins
• Savor Irish food and drink like seafood chowders and stouts at local pubs
• Meet friendly Dubliners at convivial bars and restaurants
• Shop markets and boutiques for knits, gifts, and chocolate treats
• Experience Dublin’s entertaining traditions, cuisine & charm in October

As the crisp air and changing leaves signify the start of fall, October brings an inviting glow and festive spirit to Dublin. Ireland’s capital and largest city comes alive this time of year as streets, pubs, theaters, and parks fill up for Halloween celebrations and cultural festivals and events.

October guests are greeted with the cozy charms of Dublin, from the Victorian-era buildings adorned with autumnal wreaths to the warming comforts of a hearty Irish stew on a cool evening. The start of colder nights makes enjoying chat and laughter with friendly Dubliners indoors all the more pleasing. Spending the day browsing the antique shops or strolling through the outdoor markets to get lost among the displays of handmade knits and second-hand books is a true taste of fall in Dublin.

With highs in the 50s Fahrenheit and relatively dry weather, conditions for exploring are ideal during a Dublin October. The summer crowds have mostly dispersed while the winter months are not yet bitter or icy. Don’t forget the umbrella or raincoat just in case though, as a spot of drizzling rain or fog sometimes rolls through. But an occasional passing shower won’t dampen Dublin’s October spirit. There is too much festivity and fun to uncover across Ireland’s largest and liveliest city this fall.

Halloween Festivities

Halloween brings a special kind of mischief, mayhem, and magic to Dublin in October. The city revels in all things spooky and mysterious leading up to All Hallow’s Eve on October 31st. Decorated storefronts showoff ghoulish outfits and creepy home displays, setting the stage for Dublin’s famously spirited Halloween festival events.

The Spirited Storytelling Festival entertains haunting tales of Irish myths, folklore, and ghost encounters told by masterful performers. Now in its 8th year, the festival offers a lineup of spooky stories, interactive workshops, and dramatic shows in venues across the city during the first week of October.

Later in the month, the Bram Stoker Festival pays tribute to Dublin’s Gothic writer, known for his chilling novel Dracula. The celebration features a haunted mansion, graveyard tours, vampire balls, and dramatizations of Stoker’s terrifying tales. Fans of Gothic horror won’t want to miss this long-running event every October.

While bag snatching a stash of candy, kids can show off their costumes during the annual Children’s Halloween Festival parade through the city center. After getting their fill of tricks and treats, adults carry on celebrating in the city’s famously atmospheric pubs well past when any witching hour may occur.

Concerts & Events

October brings a flush of festivals and happenings to Dublin’s theaters, concert halls, and neighborhoods. As the calendar fills up with cultural events, it’s a lively time to experience the local talent and entertainment scene.

The Dublin Theatre Festival, running since 1957, puts on dozens of plays and international productions across two weeks in October. From dramas to comedies, musicals to mime acts – theater buffs can binge on the variety of performances.

Over the October bank holiday weekend, music takes center stage at Hard Working Class Heroes. Catch Ireland’s emerging independent bands across multiple venues at this annual industry showcase festival.

For behind-the-scenes access to some of Dublin’s most magnificent architecture, the Open House Festival opens the doors to over 100 buildings for tours during one October weekend. Learn the history while gazing at the ornate chapels, banks, galleries, and more.

Capping off October is the Dublin Marathon as thousands take to the streets to complete the 26.2 mile course cheered on by lively spectators. The race passes by many of Dublin’s landmarks from Phoenix Park to Christchurch Cathedral.

Don’t forget to capture Dublin’s harvest charm by creating some Instagram Reels showcasing the decorations, excitement, and autumn countryside colors.

Attractions

Beyond the October events and festivals, Dublin’s classic sites continue to draw in visitors during the fall. Phoenix Park becomes a kaleidoscope of autumnal red and gold hues making it a top spot for leaf peeping from walking trails or by bike. The expansive grounds also house the Dublin Zoo along with plenty of green space for picnics.

Trinity College’s Old Library shouldn’t be missed to view the ornate Long Room stacked with 200,000 aged manuscripts. The library’s pride and joy – the iconic Book of Kells illuminated manuscript dating back to 800 AD – is on display in a special exhibit featuring interactive galleries explaining the intricate artwork and calligraphy.

For a mini escape from the city, head to the Wicklow Mountains or seaside town Dalkey less than an hour south. The early Christian monastic site Glendalough in the Wicklow Mountains National Park contains several stone ruins surrounded by colorful woodlands perfect for light hiking.

Back in Dublin, refuel at one of the city’s classic pubs warmed by a peat fireplace or stop into a chipper shop for fish and chips wrapped in paper to ward off the autumn nip. As darkness falls before 8pm in October, the convivial din of laughter rings out from the city’s iconic and historic watering holes.

Food & Drink

October brings heartier appetites longing for comforting, seasonal fare along with tastes celebrating the fall hunts and harvests. Dublin’s restaurants, gastropubs, and fish markets start filling up for those ready to cozy around candlelit tables or belly up to the bar with pints of autumn ale.

As the oyster season begins, the fruits of the sea feature heavily on menus across the city. Tuck in to tender octopus stew, smoked wild Irish salmon, monkfish wrapped in bacon, or seasonal Atlantic oysters served a variety of ways – naked, fried, or Rockefeller.

Ireland’s natural game and grass-fed meats also shine in chophouses sizzling aged steaks from aged beef to rose veal. Country game, like pheasant, duck, and venison, arrives on plates infused with berry glazes and hearty pan gravies.

No October would be complete without enjoying Ireland’s beloved savory stews, seafood chowders, and herb roasted roots. Helpings of colcannon (buttery mashed potatoes swirled with kale or cabbage) and loaves of Irish soda bread make perfect pairings too.

Desserts take inspiration from harvest bounty as well with regional apples, pears, and plums baked into crumbles, cakes, and pies. Sample traditional Irish brown bread ice cream or dive into decadent chocolate-guinness cake to end meals on a sweet note.

Warm up from the autumn chill by sipping whiskey cocktails, mulled wine, or Irish coffee inside Dublin’s convivial pubs. Hoist a pint of rich Irish stout or seasonal Oktoberfest lager to toast the merriment of fall.

Shopping

Dublin invites leisurely strolls between small shops and markets during mellow October days. Search for second-hand treasures, handcrafted goods, and the season’s latest fashions while getting to know the city’s diverse neighborhoods.

The Dublin Flea Christmas Market setting up in October brings together antiques, collectibles, art, and crafts from over 100 vendors. Find vintage Guinness ads, antique Irish silverware, old postcards, and strange curios across three large halls.

Brave the queues to check out the annual Late Late Toy Show range launching in Ireland’s department stores in mid-October. The Toy Show itself is the country’s biggest TV event each November, so the marketing creates mad dashes for the exclusive toys.

Catch special Halloween sales to pick up decorations to adorn homes and gardens with grinning jack-o-lanterns and loads of faux spiders webs. Costume shops also tempt those still searching for the perfect witches’ hats and vampire fangs.

Smaller independent shops carry unique clothing, homewares, and jewelry around every corner, waiting to be uncovered down Dublin’s winding side streets. Hand-knit Aran sweaters, woolen caps, Irish linen tea towels, and Claddagh rings make classic souvenirs reflecting Ireland’s heritage craftsmanship and spirit.

No October shopping spree would be complete without indulging at artisanal Irish chocolate shops boasting creamy truffles with wonderful fillings and finishes. Treat yourself to dark chocolate spiked with sea salt, Irish whiskey liqueur, or crispy bits of brown bread.

Capturing Your Dublin Journey on Instagram

Beyond just being in the moment while exploring Dublin, October also offers fantastic visuals begging to be shared on social media. Capture all the changing colors, spirited decor, delicious food, and charming cityscapes to spice up your Instagram feed and rack up the double taps!

Hashtags like #Dublin, #DublinIreland, #ThisisDublin, and #LoveDublin help connect your photos and Instagram Reels videos to the lively online community sharing this magical city. Watch as the like counts rise by engaging with trending Dublin hashtags.

Geo-tag locations like Ha’Penny Bridge, Trinity College, or St. Stephen’s Green to remember the exact scenic spots visited on your Dublin travels. Scrolling the geotags allows you to explore the most Instagrammable hot spots around the city loved by fellow Instagrammers.

Tag and thank local businesses, theaters, restaurants, and hotels you visit around the city and they may even repost your Dublin photos and Reels! Nothing spreads the love more than sharing your experiences with their Ireland Instagram followers.

Utilize Instagram Reels to showcase short video clips experiencing many of the October events mentioned across this article to best convey Dublin’s bustling atmosphere and friendly scenes during the festive fall month. Check back on the views and reactions rolling in from your engaging footage.

Getting active on Instagram while in Dublin allows you to instantly share trip highlights with friends and family back home gathering likes and comments of support. At the same time, you creatively capture wonderful lifelong memories as you fully immerse yourself in enjoying all that Dublin offers visitors in October.

The post Things to Do in Dublin Ireland in October appeared first on IrishStudies.

Get a green shirt or dress to wear for the holiday

Going green this holiday season can ensure you have an outfit that expresses your kindness and nature-loving spirit. A green dress or shirt will provide a true statement piece for any festive event. You can be sure that the texture, color and fabric of your new wardrobe addition will put a smile on anyone’s face and give off the perfect amount of cheer. If you’re still looking to add something extra to your look, why not consider pairing it with some stylish accessories? With these trendy extras, you could easily bring more life to your holiday festivities.

Add some shamrocks or other green accessories to your outfit

One great way to add some Irish luck to your casino 1$ deposit outing this St. Patrick’s Day is by adding some green shamrocks or other accessories to your outfit. Not only will you show everyone else at the casino your festive spirit, but it may also bring some luck in the “luck of the Irish” sense! Shamrocks can be attached to your collars, hats, and purses for a subtle hint of extra luck as you spend the day gambling. If a pin just isn’t your style, break out in something green with perhaps a tie or a dress. For those looking for luck without any fuss or muss, an emerald bracelet or ring might do the trick without having to completely adjust your casino outfit. Adding a splash of extra green could make all the difference on St. Patrick’s Day!

Make sure you have green shoes or socks to complete the look

When it comes to putting the final touches on an outfit, green shoes or socks can make a big difference. Whether you’re going for a formal look with a business suit or something more casual like jeans and a t-shirt, having the right detail in your feet can really tie your look together. Green is a great color to choose as it’s universally flattering, versatile, and simple to pair with most items in your wardrobe. Don’t underestimate the power of accessorising; taking slight risks with footwear and other small details can really give your look that ‘wow’ factor. With green shoes or socks in your rotation, you’ll be ready for any occasion.

If you’re feeling really festive, paint your face green!

If you’re looking for a fun and unique way to show your excitement for the holidays, why not opt to paint your face green? It’s a great alternative to wearing traditional festive costumes and it’s sure to surprise everyone you meet. The possibilities are endless when it comes to unique designs and they won’t cost you much either. You can also have a blast using glitter, rhinestones and all sorts of other sparkly decorations – the more creative, the better! If you’re feeling really adventurous, why not create an entire holiday look complete with sparkling ears and antlers? Get creative and have fun this season with a painted green face!

Take lots of pictures to remember the day

As special moments and events quickly become distant memories, pictures keep the day alive in our minds. Photos are a great way to capture the unique atmosphere and emotions of the event, telling a story that can be shared with friends and family. From field trips to birthday parties, taking lots of pictures will ensure you never forget all the happy times you have had with your loved ones. Photos are one of life’s treasures that provide lasting memories for years to come.

So there you have it, five easy and fun ways to make sure you’re celebrate St. Patrick’s Day the right way – by looking good! Whether you go all out with a face painted or just add a green scarf to your outfit, make sure you get into the holiday spirit and show your friends and family how much Irish pride you have!

The post Dressing Up for St Patrick’s Day appeared first on IrishStudies.

“The Auld Triangle” by The Pogues

“The Auld Triangle” by The Pogues is a classic tune that has remained popular through the decades. Written by Dominic Behan and adapted by The Pogues, this beloved Irish folk song wonderfully captures the Irish experience of life in a prison as full of longing and sadness. Though the lyrics make it clear that the singer is having a difficult time, it is undeniably catchy and upbeat. With simple instruments such as an accordion and mandolin, it has remained timeless among Irish music fans around the world. To some, “The Auld Triangle” is an integral part of any Saint Patrick’s Day celebration; but whatever the occasion, its lyrical wit and infectious melody always prove to be crowd-pleasing.

“Danny Boy” by Celtic Woman

“Danny Boy” is a powerful and magical rendition of a timeless classic, made all the more impressive by the incredible harmony of voices heard in Celtic Woman’s version. The traditional Irish melody has never sounded more emotive and evocative than in the hands of these formidable women, as their voices unite to send shivers down your spine. From the choral layers of sound which soar to the heavens, to its sweet yet melancholic tones, “Danny Boy” as performed by Celtic Woman has surely forever sealed its place among the greatest musical masterpieces written by human hands.

“Whiskey in the Jar” by Metallica

“Whiskey in the Jar” by Metallica is an instantly recognizable hard rock classic. Originally an Irish folk song, this version draws upon various traditional Celtic elements to create a truly unique and powerful sound. The incredible guitar riffs and driving drums capture the song’s tale of highway robbery in a lyrical narrative that ties it all together. Released as the lead single from Metallic’s 1999 album, “S&M”, this song has become one of Metallica’s most beloved hits, with its infectious energy and stirring melody sure to stay alive for years to come.

“The Irish Rover” by The Dubliners

The Irish Rover by The Dubliners is an upbeat and whimsical folk song that was first released in 1967. It tells the story of a group of men who take a wild and humorous voyage with the titular vessel – aptly named The Irish Rover. The lyrics are fun and cleverly crafted, creating a vivid picture of their journey as they face challenges on their seafaring mission. This catchy tune has been covered by numerous artists from all corners of the world, becoming an international fan favorite and lasting staple of Celtic music. Its clever rhymes and memorable melodies make it an entertaining tune for all to enjoy!

“I’m Shipping Up to Boston” by Dropkick Murphys

“I’m Shipping Up to Boston” by the Dropkick Murphys is an iconic and hard-hitting song. The song was first released in 2005 as part of their album, The Warrior’s Code, and instantly became a crowd favorite. Many may recognize the song from popular films such as The Departed or television shows like Sons of Anarchy. Its use of pounding drums, electric guitar work, and passionate vocals create an electric sense of energy that makes it difficult to resist feeling pulled into its message of resilience and endurance. The words were even originally written by a longtime friend of the band, Woody Guthrie, which adds a unique flavor to the track. Whether you are listening alone or in a packed stadium with friends and family, this explosive piece can take control of any environment it is played in.

“Molly Malone (Cockles & Mussels)” by The Dubliners

“Molly Malone (Cockles & Mussels)” by The Dubliners is an enchanting Irish ballad that transports the listener to the lively streets of 19th-century Dublin. Written in tribute to a local legend, the song tells a story of love and loss with an energy that relies heavily on its captivating rhythm and melodic fiddle parts. While its cheerful chorus heralds Molly as “a wonderful blending of beauty and charm,” there’s also a sadness underlying her tales of selling fish from street to street that resonates long after the last few bars have played.

There are many great Irish songs out there, and these are just a few of our favorites. If you’re looking for some great music to listen to on St. Patrick’s Day, or any day for that matter, give these tunes a try. You won’t be disappointed.

The post Best Irish Pub Songs appeared first on IrishStudies.

Think of how many languages there were once upon a time: they were few in number and called “proto-languages”. Over time, the proto-languages ​​spread from place to place. Each of them became the ancestor of its new language. Language families are the largest unit of classification for a language – people who share common linguistic roots.

In addition, languages belonging to the same family tend to split into distinct language groups. These are called “language groups”, which are made up of languages descended from a single “proto-language”. One striking example of language evolution is the multitude of words that exist in languages from different language families. They often have shared roots and grammatical sound structures, phonetic similarities, and lexical correlations. There are now over 7,000 languages from more than 100 unique language families.

Irish is a language of the Celtic group, with related languages in other countries, like England. It’s the official language of Ireland but also enjoys legal standing in other countries too.

So the Russian-speaking immigrants in Ireland caused quite a stir when they asserted that the Russian language was very similar to Irish. What connection does this language have with Irish and what are the differences between them?

All languages are the same age, there is no language that’s more ancient or older than another. Russian and Irish both originated from the same language, which was called Indo-European back when we didn’t really know how it had been called by the speakers themselves. The starting point is one, and, accordingly, the age is one. Basically, Russian, English and Irish are the same language that developed differently in different places. The similarities that likely attract the most attention are, in all likelihood, those pertain to the differences between hard and soft consonants in both Irish and Russian. In Irish, for example, there is a distinction of types of t’s, l’s, etc. An authentic pronunciation is essential for a convincing accent. After all, many Irish people have learned Irish to know how to speak it and each person who has learned it may make their own mistakes.

The Celtic languages are divided into two families – the Goidelic and the Brythonic languages. The Goidelic languages ​​are Irish, Scottish and Manx, on the Isle of Man. Brittonic is Welsh in Wales, Cornish in Cornwall and Breton in Briton. These are separate languages with no mutual understanding. Speakers of Goidelic would not understand British and vice versa. There are two groups of people in this survey: those who speak the same Slavic language and those who speak a different one. On an understanding scale, it was found that speakers of languages shared with the other group were able to understand each other more than those from different language backgrounds.

As far back as the seventeenth century, there was standard Irish that was used in both Ireland and Scotland. In addition, there were also local dialects that were spoken among Irish and Scottish people. However, after the Irish-speaking middle class and aristocracy ceased to exist, the need for people to write or keep records any longer disappeared. Standard Irish has disappeared, which means it no-longer exists and only the various dialects of vernacular Irish that have survived are spoken in Ireland – Irish, Scotland – Scottish. Consequently, it is improbable that modern Scots still revere its legacy.

In Ireland, Irish is compulsory in schools, but unfortunately there’s not much opportunity to use it outside of that. It turns out that students don’t have any incentive to learn it and can’t use it afterwards either. In some Gaeltachts, Irish is still the normal lingua franca, so its function is retained. However, English is making its way more and more into this. The situation is complicated by the fact that for a hundred years since gaining independence, Ireland has not been able to make the Irish-speaking regions cease to be the most economically problematic. That’s why there is a high flow of people out of these areas. So, the issue of employment in these areas is even more important than in many others.

To really understand the grammar of the Irish language, you need to go back in time and explore ancient Irish.

In Ireland, there was an Ogham script. If you would like more information about it, you can find many sources in an encyclopedia. It is best to look into it once and see what you can discover rather than taking the time to describe it through words. While language has many aspects, grammar is independent of a specific writing system. Anyone can write using Latin letters, Cyrillic or hieroglyphs if desired.

Old Irish is a lot different from modern Irish and it has changed a lot over the years.

The Irish Language is a distinctive language. That includes the way it’s written, VSO order, mutations of initial consonants and the existence of two connective verbs. There are also conjugated prepositions that can be found in this language. The Old Irish language has an interesting verbal system: it either uses a “absolute” or “conjunct” inflection. This is decided by where the verb is in the sentence, an unusual feature of Irish verbs was the existence of both deuterotonic and prototonic forms (the difference was in whether the stress fell on the stem or on any inflectional endings added to it).

We need to know the history of the Russian propagandist on Irish.

He is passionate about preserving the Irish language in Kerry.

The Russian speaker has taught Irish at Moscow State University for the past 15 years and now he’s trying to preserve Irish in the Iveragh Peninsula. The village of Ballinskelligs in County Kerry has become a new place for a resident of Moscow State University to visit.

The organization in which the Muscovite works is public. Such organizations are now being selected from those who are ready to do this, and there will be 26 of them all over Irish-speaking regions. Each language planner should be employed there. This is the position he received in this public organization. Linguistic planning in this case refers to the promotion of the Irish language in those regions that are recgonized as Irish-speaking – the Gaeltachts. Not all of them are equally. The Irish language is under pressure from English in all regions. It needs continual support.

Irish spelling can be tricky for English speakers. It is often not taught properly in school and it may lead the individual to believe that this makes the language difficult. In reality, Irish spelling is actually more consistent than English, which relies heavily on either conventions or memorization.

Linguistics experts have identified over 100 different language families, which are not related to each other. However, there is a hypothesis that languages ​​from all over the world come from a single language.

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Irish culture has only a few divisions between people with different religions and languages. That is why more and more immigrants are arriving in this place today.

Way of Life

The people of Ireland are known to be very hospitable and friendly. Family is very important in Ireland. Traditions of Irish culture can be seen in Irish villages. There is a great deal of tradition followed here, which is in great contrast to modern life in Irish cities. There are also many people in Ireland who live in luxurious mansions.

Modern Irish people are used to communicating with each other more openly. They believe it is better to talk about their feelings than to hold them back.

English is still the main language in Ireland. Although the national dialect can be heard in many villages. Irish originated with the Celts, so some older Irish can speak traditional Irish as well.

Houses here are still built according to the old traditions and style. Bright cheerful colors can be seen on the walls of most homes with colorful doors. And in Ireland, these are most often houses with a terrace, and central heating has replaced the traditional fireplaces here.

Activities and Industries

Farming in Irish culture has been around for a very long time. In the old days, keeping cattle gave the Irish a definitely high status. In the past, men did all the main work on the farm. Women were usually only involved in selling the resulting products. Today, however, women are actively involved in farming as well. Agriculture has always been the main activity in Ireland. Large quantities of produce were imported all over the world. To this day, Irish farmers are known to use the old ways of farming. Some of the most basic products in Ireland are meat, milk, barley, turnips, wheat, etc. Ireland’s industry also thrives in textiles, pharmaceuticals, and even fishing.

Religion

Although there is no designated official religion in Ireland, there is a strong preference for Catholicism. However, you may find Roman Catholics, Christians, Jews, Presbyterians, and even other religions such as Islam.

Music and Dance

The Irish are known throughout the world for their love of music and dance. Traditional music still holds a strong priority on the country’s music scene, despite the influences of various music from abroad. There are a huge number of musical groups that play folk music. Famous among the musicians was Torla O’Carolan, who composed more than 200 compositions. Celtic music is also a part of Irish culture. Irish musicians are becoming famous all over the world, not only in their own country. In the twentieth century, the session-note (an ancient form of Irish narrative song) gained great importance. In classical Irish music, the excellent flutist James Galway distinguished himself. Classical Irish music was revived only a few years ago, mainly influenced by the division of the island into northern and southern parts. Northern Ireland now belongs to the United Kingdom and the southern part to the Republic of Ireland.

Irish dance is so beautiful that it can fascinate even those who do not have a special love for dance. Riverdance is a very popular group that performs many Irish dances. Tap dance remains popular here to this day. And as for the séance-nose dance, the old traditional tap dance and its modern variations, they are very popular all over the world.

Literature and art

Ireland is the land of a great many of the best writers of all time. Four Nobel Prize winners in literature (20th century) wrote their masterpieces in this beautiful place. Writers such as Oscar Wilde and William Butler made great contributions to literature. The art of cinema and painting is also an integral part of Irish culture. Irish art is evidenced by carvings in New Grange and medieval manuscripts.

Food

Stories of ancient Irish culture often mention honey. Of meat, the Irish preferred poultry. Potatoes became an integral part of the diet of the Irish working class. Today eating habits are shaped by the influence of the world. Although meat has always been a staple food in Ireland, fast food has also become popular. New Irish foods are being produced in large quantities to support a healthy diet among the Irish, mainly fresh vegetables.
Although traditional Irish culture is not as visible today because of pub culture, it can still be seen in different parts of Ireland.

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In the seventeenth century, the first Irish settlers arrived in Canada on French ships during the French colonization of America. In the eighteenth century, Irish fishermen arrived in Newfoundland and Labrador to fish, many of whom remained to live in that province. By 1850 there were more than 500,000 Irish immigrants living in Canada, although many then went to live in the United States. Until 1922 Canada and Ireland were part of the British Empire, hence their international relations were regulated by London. From 1922 to 1937, there was the Irish Free State, which was a British dominion like Canada. In 1929, Canada sent John Hall Kelly to Ireland to become the first Canadian High Commissioner to that country. This took place at a time when London did not allow Canada to have embassies in most countries of the world, and the British representative in Ireland was not allowed to have ambassadorial status. In 1937, Ireland changed its constitution to achieve full independence from Great Britain, but there remained some uncertainty about London’s role in Irish law. In 1931, with the signing of the Statute of Westminster, Canada became a sovereign and independent country. In 1939 Ireland and Canada opened diplomatic missions in each other’s capitals.

In 1948 Irish Prime Minister John Costello paid an official visit to Canada, where he declared Ireland a republic. It is still not entirely clear why John Costello made this announcement in Canada. Perhaps he was offended by the behavior of the Governor General of Canada, Harold Alexander, who was of Northern Irish descent and allegedly placed symbols of Northern Ireland at a dinner party with John Costello, in particular a replica of the famous Roaring Mag gun used at the Siege of Derry. According to prior arrangements, the dinner should have included a toast to the King of Great Britain and the President of Ireland, but the result was only a toast to the King, which infuriated the Irish delegation. Shortly after these events, John Costello announced his intention to establish a republic. According to other versions, this decision was not made by him spontaneously, but he planned to announce the establishment of a republic in Canada, and the Irish press made up a story about an unfriendly reception. In 1986, Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced that Canada would invest $10 million over 10 years in Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic to stimulate economic and social development programs. In recent years, Canada has actively supported the peace process in Northern Ireland, with former Chief of Defence Staff John de Chastelan chairing the Independent International Commission on Disarmament of the Confronting Parties. In August 2017, Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar came to Canada on an official visit and, together with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, took part in a gay pride parade in Montreal. About 4.5 million Canadians have Irish roots (approximately 14% of Canada’s population).

Trade

In 2015, the volume of trade between the countries amounted to 2.2 billion Canadian dollars. Canada’s exports to Ireland: chemicals, vehicles and equipment, machinery, mechanical and electronic products. Ireland’s exports to Canada: chemical products, specialized tools, and food products. In October 2016, Canada and the European Union (including Ireland) signed the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement.

Diplomatic Missions

• Ireland has an embassy in Ottawa.
• Canada has an embassy in Dublin.

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Traditions and Culture of Ireland

Probably the Irish are the most hospitable and friendly people in the world. Any guest is like a brother to them. And if you’re not from the UK, then you can safely address the residents with any request or question. To the British they harbor a kind of animosity and mistrust. Apparently, the time of English rule on Irish lands did not pass without a trace.

The traditions of Ireland are carefully guarded by the inhabitants. They love and honor them, and proudly tell the guests of the country about them. Dancing occupies a special place in their life. The Irish dance everywhere. They adore noisy feasts and celebrate all kinds of celebrations. At any celebration you can see their national dance where they move their legs very fast and energetically.

Another favorite tradition in Ireland are the fairs. As soon as it starts, this fun takes over the whole city. Magicians, musicians, actors, and acrobats entertain people from morning till night. The fun and noisy festivities don’t end until late at night.

Another custom of the Irish people refers to the New Year. On the eve of the holiday the doors of each house are left open, so that anyone who comes to visit, can feel at home.

In a conversation with an Irishman, you can bring up any topic except religion and political relations with England.

Another noteworthy point is that the Irish are not very fond of body contact. You should not go for a hug towards them. This is appropriate only at soccer or some global celebrations.

National costume

The national costume of the Irish man is generally considered to be the kilt, cloak, or sweater. However, these garments have undergone significant changes over time. No one would remember the real Irish national costume for sure. After all, its history began somewhere in the 6-7 century. At that time they were very simple clothes: a long linen shirt and a woolen cape, of course with a big hood.

Nevertheless, decorations were still there, but only for the rich stratum of the population. As a rule, they consisted in the embroidery of the upper tunic. It was by this embroidery that one could distinguish the rich from the poor and even determine a person’s occupation.

Today’s costumes have become very Europeanized. Pants and sweaters appeared, and skirts were shortened. Women’s dresses are decorated with ethnic patterns, and the kilt is mostly checked. The main color of clothing (and not only) is considered green. Additional colors are white and orange.

Culinary preferences

The cuisine is very simple and without extravagances. You can even say that the cuisine of Ireland is the Irish. Simple and unpretentious. And of course it’s delicious. Potatoes and meat are especially preferred. These are stew, colcannon, chump, fudge, Guinness beer pie, pickled herring, tea, beer and real Irish whiskey.

You don’t have to go to a restaurant to get a good meal. You can get a good meal anywhere. Even in an ordinary pub you can be served freshly baked bread and blood sausage. But don’t think that if the food is simple, it isn’t good. This is a great misconception.

St. Patrick’s Day

A special day for Irish culture is March 17. Everything around is transformed, taking on a solid green color. People, clothing, decorations, decorating and even beer turn green.

What is St. Patrick’s Day? This national holiday marks the arrival of spring and is considered the most important and important holiday in Ireland.

The people of the country make careful preparations to enjoy the holiday to the fullest. There are carnivals, fairs, feasts, music and dancing. It used to be a little different, though. The townspeople went to mass in church, celebrating the holiday in a more relaxed way.

The essential attribute of every Irishman on this day is a hat of various forms. The main thing is that it must be green and have the unchanging symbol of Ireland – trefoil.

So this is the culture of Ireland – distinctive, boisterous and very unusual.

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The Construction of Irish National Identity

Since the formation of the Irish Free State in the early 1920s, the Irish have sought to define their identity in terms of their opposition to the British, leading to the identification and further cultivation of distinctive features such as Gaelic nationalism and Catholicism. The constitution of 1937 made Catholicism the state religion, granting the Church unlimited powers in the fields of culture and education, transforming Ireland into a patriarchal society with a strong emphasis on religious Christian values.

Cultural and media censorship, prompted by the belief that foreign ideals were detrimental to the moral state of Irish society, resulted in Ireland’s cultural and informational isolation from the rest of the world. It follows that Irish society was in a state of cultural stagnation until the middle of the twentieth century. The formation of a positive Irish identity both in Ireland itself and within the Diaspora was burdened by the presence of national inferiority and insecurity complexes associated with such tragic moments of Irish history as prolonged colonization, loss of the Irish language, the Great Famine of 1845-1849, military occupation, the Civil War, etc. Underestimation of national self-esteem was exacerbated by well-established negative perceptions of the Irish in various countries.

The Weakening Power of the Catholic Church

The gradual weakening of the Catholic Church’s power inevitably led to significant changes in the field of culture. Whereas in the 1970s Irish culture was tightly controlled by the Church and was not able to develop along with the gradually growing economy, since the early 1980s there has been a significant convergence between the economic and cultural spheres. Economic growth, in turn, weakened the influence of the Catholic Church, introducing new social values based on individualism and materialism. Traditional Catholic values, which had dominated society and hindered its cultural and economic development, receded for the first time in Irish history.

The weakening of the Catholic Church in the 1990s was also caused by a series of high-profile scandals in which Catholic clergy were accused of pedophilia and other sex crimes. As a result, the reputation of the Catholic Church was irrevocably damaged. Ordinary believers had the impression that many crimes had been hidden from them for decades. The Catholic Church has not experienced such a crisis of confidence in the history of Ireland.

It is precisely because of growing public alienation and disillusionment with the institution of the church itself that participation in religious life has declined significantly. The Catholic Church has lost a significant portion of its power and authority. Today’s Irish prefer to rely on the constitution, the law, and their own common sense. However, the collapse of the institution of the Catholic Church in Ireland is coupled with piety, the cult of revered saints and the Virgin Mary. This is evidence of the fact that religious faith and personal spirituality are still important and strong in Irish society.

The Causes of the Identity Crisis and its Resolution

The gradual urbanization, industrialization, modernization and secularization of Ireland that began in the 1950s led to a blurring of the basic differences between Ireland and Great Britain, which became particularly evident precisely during the period of the “Celtic Tiger. As a result, the construction of an identity in opposition to Britain was no longer possible. Despite a number of positive changes, as a result of which the Irish were finally able to call themselves “prosperous Europeans,” overcome historical trauma and partially regain their lost sense of national pride, the continued inability to build their identity “from the other side,” as well as the loss of previous values led to an identity crisis, the need to seek answers to the questions “Who are we?”, “How are we different not only from the British, but also from other European peoples?

It can be argued that during the years of the “Celtic Tiger” there was an awareness of the need to preserve and disseminate Irish culture as an essential component of national identity. The understanding of the fact that it is the traditional culture that contains the fundamental values of the Irish people, untouched by modernization, that can save the country from national depersonalization, contributes to the growth of public attention to its cultural heritage. The desire to preserve and disseminate Irish culture can be seen at the government level. In addition to government programs to support and raise the profile of the Irish language, there has been an increase in the number of Irish cultural festivals in the country.

The growth of interest in Ireland

A positive aspect of the country’s economic transformation has been the fact that the growth of interest in Ireland by other nations has automatically spread to the field of culture. It can be argued that the initial wave of interest in Irish culture, especially in the fields of literature, drama, cinema, music, dance, has had a positive effect on the personal self-esteem of Irish artists as well as on the self-image of society as a whole, and has also helped to resolve the identity crisis by helping to answer the question “How are we different from the rest of Europe?

“Ireland is an island of poets and storytellers,” “Ulysses is the national emblem of Ireland,” “Riverdance is an Irish cultural extravaganza,” “St. Patrick’s Day is the calling card of Ireland,” “Irish and Celtic motifs are an international musical language. These slogans are an important component of the national brand of Ireland as well as the image of the Irish diaspora at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. They position Ireland as a country of rich cultural traditions, raising the national self-esteem and strengthening the sense of pride in one’s country. We can conclude that for Ireland in the 1990s the cultural component of the national identity came to the fore.

The Influence of Irish Emigration on Irish Culture

It cannot be claimed that Irish culture was completely isolated until the disappearance of the Green Curtain. Thanks to the constant emigration movement, it spread to countries with an Irish diaspora. Largely due to the large number of negative stereotypes about the Irish that created an alienating attitude toward them by members of other nations, Irish culture did not attract much interest outside Irish communities. Still, it was in a state of constant development and partial synthesis with other cultures, while at the same time being an important component of the identity of the Irish Diaspora.

Within the Irish communities abroad, the intensification in the dissemination of Irish culture was caused by the destruction of negative stereotypes, a change from a suspicious attitude towards the Irish to a friendly one, the acquisition of pride in their ancestral country, which at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries turned from a backward isolated state into a “prize country”, a “winning country”.

The strengthening of relations with the Irish diaspora during the years of Mary Robinson, the first president of the “Celtic Tiger” period, led to the realization that Irishness has no territorial limits and is pluralistic. Accordingly, this is also true of Irish culture. The historically conditioned diversity, openness and adaptability of Irish culture allowed it to find its place and develop in the mainstream of English-language mass culture, which is especially clear in the areas of music, dance, drama. Thus, the Irishization of popular culture would not have been possible without the active participation of the international Irish community. During the Celtic Tiger years, the diaspora helped to satisfy international interest in Irish culture outside Ireland itself.

The rise in popularity of Irish dancing

It is noteworthy that the first Riverdance number and the new name of Ireland’s period of economic growth, “Celtic Tiger”, were born in the same 1994. The question of how the seven-minute Riverdance number, performed out of competition at the Eurovision Song Contest held in Dublin, managed to attract so much attention is still of interest to many critics and researchers, most of whom agree that the Irish dancers were in the right place at the right time. “Eurovision” gave previously little-known Irish dance something it never had: a stage, a set, light, and most importantly, an audience. The emergence of Riverdance is a watershed moment in the history of Irish dance. The success of Riverdance at the Eurovision Song Contest, as well as the realization of the need to further focus international attention on Irish culture, an important element of which is the national dance, led to the decision to produce a two-hour show, called “Riverdance – The Show. Riverdance – The Show” has influenced Irish dance culture, revolutionizing the history of Irish national dance and reawakening popular interest in it. This dance show is a direct testament to the modernization of Irish culture, reflecting a change in national consciousness: “The directors of Riverdance took Irish dance, which seemed to be part of the faded world of Irish cultural nationalism, renewed it and, at the same time, returned it to its original form. They returned to dance the missing element of sexuality and sensuality that had been completely destroyed by a mixture of nationalist puritanism and Catholic piety.

The large number of diverse Irish dance shows created since their ancestor is a testament to the popularity of Irish dance. These include the show of the first Riverdance soloist Michael Flatley Lord of the Dance, as well as performances of Spirit of the Dance, Dancing on Dangerous Ground, Magic of the Dance, Gaelforce Dance, Rhythm of the Dance, Ragus, Dance Invasion, Dancing Thru the Ages, Celtic Feet, To Dance on the Moon, etc.

St. Patrick’s Day

The gradual spread of St. Patrick’s Day abroad began in the early 1990s. Already in the early 1990s the Irish were open to the dialogue of cultures, partially got rid of old national complexes and realized the importance of the cultural component of Irish identity. The declaration of March 1991 as Irish-American Heritage Month in the United States was extremely positive for Irish self-esteem. This event allowed the Irish to realize the great potential of their national holiday.

However, the further large-scale spread of St. Patrick’s Day became possible only after its complete transformation in Ireland itself. It can be argued that it was the growth of national consciousness that led to the further spread of the holiday, first in Ireland and then beyond its borders.

The transformation of a religious festival into a noisy secular celebration, which nevertheless begins with Irish attendance at Mass, reflected the national identity of modern Ireland, where the loss of Catholic values and the authority of the church is combined with personal spirituality and religiosity. The St. Patrick’s Festival in Dublin was aimed at strengthening the motivation to participate in cultural events primarily by Irish citizens. The organization of large-scale celebrations had a positive effect on the patriotic feelings of Irish people, helped resolve the “identity crisis” and brought the generations closer together, involving both children and teenagers and senior citizens in the celebration. The holiday also served as an occasion to draw international attention to the country, to build and consolidate the positive image of Ireland, which combines modernity and tradition.

The appeal of St. Patrick’s Day in Ireland and abroad is also due to the fact that people of different nationalities are encouraged to be not only observers, but also active participants in the festivities. They are given the opportunity to take part in parades, dance parties, street theater, and various contests. Thanks to this feature, St. Patrick’s Day acquires its specific features in different countries and adheres to different national cultural calendars. This leads to the mutual enrichment of cultures, to the establishment of friendly relations, and has a positive effect on the image of Ireland, positioning the Irish as a friendly, open, good-natured, active and merry people. The active work of the Irish overseas community in spreading St. Patrick’s Day abroad, supported by the Irish government, reflects the diversity of the modern Irish identity and emphasizes the impossibility of its territorial limitation. The participation of Irish government dignitaries in international celebrations gives the holiday a particularly important status, enhancing the interest of citizens of various countries in Ireland and its cultural traditions.

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